Deep foundations are structural elements that are placed below the ground surface. These types of foundations are generally used to support heavy loads and structures. They are also used to provide lateral stability. The most common applications for deep foundations are for commercial buildings and skyscrapers.
Deep foundations are generally constructed using concrete or steel. There are several different types of deep foundations, which include pile foundations, drilled piers, and caisson foundations.
Pile foundations are one of the most common deep foundations. This method is suitable for construction sites with low bearing capacity soil. In this type of deep foundation, a sheet pile wall is driven into the ground. Once it is in place, it is filled with concrete to the desired depth. It is a quick and easy method, which is ideal for high rise construction.
Piles can be constructed either on site or offsite. However, the latter requires skilled workers to install and maintain the structure. Another issue with this type of deep foundation is that it can have vibrations that can affect neighboring structures.
Other types of deep foundations include drilled shafts and concrete cylinders. Drilled shafts are designed to transfer loads in the column more effectively than pile foundations. If the soil on your project site has contaminants, a drilled shaft may not be the best option. A concrete cylinder is used for docks and other water-based structures.
Deep foundations are categorized according to capacity and construction method. Most deep foundations are constructed with reinforced concrete. Although they are often more expensive, deep foundations can be a more reliable alternative to other methods of supporting heavy weights.
The pile foundation is a deep foundation that is designed to carry loads from the superstructure to the soil through vertical and horizontal members. It can be constructed in many ways, including cast in place bored piles and precast concrete piles.
Pier foundations are also similar to piles. However, a pier has an exposed concrete surface. Unlike a pile, a pier is not required to be deeper than the ground. A pier can be a masonry or steel pile.
Alternatively, a caisson foundation can be made from any material. They are commonly used in water environments. When planning a new construction, you can use ECS’s deep foundation design services to consider various soil types and rock formations. You can also consult with AECOM to find the most cost-effective solution.
Deep foundations are usually designed for areas where shallow foundations are not practical. Usually, they are founded to more than three meters below the finished ground surface. For example, you might need a deep foundation if you build a large skyscraper or subterranean tank. The design is based on determining subsurface conditions and building loads. To ensure that a deep foundation is appropriate, you should seek the advice of a qualified engineer.
The construction of a deep foundation can be difficult and may require the help of an expert. A reputable firm like AECOM can provide you with the most technically-appropriate solution for your project.
